The use of any medication for type 2 diabetes still cannot fully compensate for the effect of poor nutrition on blood glucose levels.A healthy diet is an important part of effectively managing type 2 diabetes and helps maintain healthy blood glucose levels.
Being overweight or not overweight with type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, etc. b. The methods of feeding are slightly different.
The vast majority of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. Being overweight prevents your insulin from working effectively, so blood glucose levels remain high.Therefore, weight loss is an indispensable condition for rational treatment!Even moderate weight loss (by 5-10%) improves carbohydrate metabolism, especially in the early stages of the disease.
How to achieve weight loss?
It should be noted right away that there are no special products or medicinal plants for weight loss. At the moment, there are no drugs that can provide highly effective and completely safe weight loss on their own, without a diet.
The only sure way is to limit the body's energy intake.(it is expressed in calories), p. a. follow the ruleslow calorie food. The resulting energy deficit means that the reserves of energy "stored" in adipose tissue are used for various needs of the body, and the weight will definitely decrease.
Energy carriers in food are its three components:proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Fats are the most caloric of them, they are 9 kcal per 1 gram; in proteins and carbohydrates - 4 kcal per 1 gram.
The most effective way to reduce calories in your diet is to reduce its fat content. It is not only safe, but also useful for modern man, because our diet is unfortunately full of fats. Compared to fats, the caloric content of proteins and carbohydrates can be considered moderate, but to achieve a good result in weight loss, they should still be limited.
There are a number of products that do not need to be restricted when losing weight. On the contrary, it is these products that can compensate for the above restrictions and supplement the reduced amount of food. This group of foods is mostly nutrient-poor, but water-rich vegetables as wellplant fibersthey are not absorbed. Vegetable fibers bring many benefits to the body: they improve the functioning of the intestines, help the absorption of vitamins, have a positive effect on fat metabolism, etc. b.
There are three groups of foods that should be consumed in different ways to reduce weight.Looking at these groups, you will definitely have an association with traffic lights.
Maximum limit
High-calorie foods: high in fat, alcohol, sugar, and pastries
Examples:any oil, lard, cream, mayonnaise; sour cream, cottage cheese and cheese; fatty fish, poultry skin, canned meat; fish and vegetable oil; fatty meat, smoked meat, sausage; sugar, sweetened beverages, honey, jam, jam, sweets, cakes, cookies, chocolate, ice cream, nuts, seeds, alcoholic beverages.
Moderate restriction (eat half the usual portion size)
Medium-calorie foods: protein, starch, dairy products, fruits and berries.
Examples:milk and sour milk products with normal fat or low-fat/skim, 30% fat-free cheeses, less than 4% fat cottage cheese, eggs, lean meat, fish, pasta, bread and fat-free baked goods, cereals; ripe grains of fruits, potatoes, corn, peas and beans.
Use without restriction
Low-calorie foods: vegetables (except potatoes, corn, mature beans and peas), and low-calorie beverages.
Examples:radishes, radishes, beets, carrots, mushrooms, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, eggplant, peas, green beans, lettuce, greens, spinach, kombucha, various cabbages; tea, coffee without sugar and cream, mineral water.
Is it possible to follow a low-calorie diet without counting calories?
This is entirely possible by following the principles of product selection mentioned above. Moreover, experts have long understood that it is not the number of calories that a person should consume (which is difficult to determine exactly for each person), but the fact that a person actually cuts his diet!
The indicator of correct adherence to the principles of low-calorie nutrition will be the result: weight loss! If the weight does not decrease, this indicates that it is not possible to significantly reduce the caloric content of the diet.
How do different carbohydrates affect blood glucose levels?
Carbohydrates are the only food that directly raises blood glucose, but that's no reason to limit them drastically.
Everyone, including a person with diabetes, should have enough carbohydrates in their diet (at least 50% of total calories), because they are a source of energy for the body. In addition, different carbohydrates have different effects on blood glucose levels.
There iseasy goingCarbohydrates (they are called sugars) are very easy to digest because they consist of small molecules and are quickly absorbed in the digestive tract (after 10 minutes). They immediately and very strongly increase the amount of glucose in the blood. Sugar, honey are made from these carbohydrates, most of them are in fruit juice (they are also found in natural fruits, but because of the presence of fiber, the absorption of carbohydrates is not so fast), beer. Such carbohydrates are also found in liquid dairy products, but because of the fat, the carbohydrates are not absorbed quickly.
Another type of carbohydratecomplex(starch), they also raise blood glucose levels not as quickly as simple carbohydrates. Representatives of such products: bread, cereal, pasta, potatoes, corn. Starch is a large molecule and the body has to work hard to digest it. Therefore, the glucose formed as a result of the breakdown of starch is absorbed more slowly (after about 30 minutes), which slightly increases its level in the blood.
Culinary processing of starchy foods (various grinding, long-term thermal exposure) contributes to an increase in the level of glucose in the blood. This means that the sharp rise in blood glucose when eating starches can be avoided by using processing and cooking methods. For example, it is better to cook potatoes with their whole skin, not in puree form, so that they remain dense. It is also better not to cook porridge for a long time. It is better to cook them from large unmilled grains (buckwheat, rice).
Enriching food with vegetable fibers prevents the increase of blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is better to buy grain or bran bread, not the best flour. Fruits should be eaten in their natural form, not in juice form.
There are following types of carbohydrate foods –"free of charge", after which the blood glucose level does not rise or rises slightly. These products include almost all types of regular-sized vegetables (except potatoes). For example, cabbage, lettuce, parsley, dill, radish, turnip, zucchini, eggplant, pumpkin, pepper, etc. b. Among the foods of this group, the most carbohydrates are found in beets and carrots, but after them, the increase in blood glucose is not so great. Therefore, if you eat them in moderation (as a side dish, no more than 200 g), you can ignore them.
Should I be counting carbs?
A person with type 2 diabetes, taking anti-diabetic medications, or simply following a diet does not need to accurately calculate the amount of carbohydrates in their food. Many people with diabetes have heard about the so-called bread units. Such a calculation system is available for those who take insulin. This allows people with diabetes to compare the amount of carbohydrates consumed with doses of short-acting insulin injected before meals.
Special "diabetic" products
Sweeteners can make food taste sweeter without raising blood glucose levels or adding weight. But in this case, we are only talking about calorie-free sugar substitutes. They include aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, potassium acesulfame, sucralose, stevioside. They do not affect blood glucose levels and weight at all. However, instead of sugar, most "diabetic" foods (cookies, chocolate, waffles) contain sorbitol, xylitol, or fructose, which are almost as high in calories as sugar. Therefore, when overweight, they should be limited as much as possible, like regular sweets.
Fractional diet
Fractional mode is to eat several times (5-6 times, but still after 2, 5-3 hours) in small portions. This is helpful because you may feel hungry when you are on a low-calorie diet. Eating more food can help reduce it. In addition, a small portion of food contains a small amount of carbohydrates, which facilitates the work of the pancreas.
Alcohol
Due to its high calorie content (7 kcal per 1 g), alcohol can contribute to weight gain. In addition, it directly worsens the indicators of fat metabolism and blood pressure. So limit your alcohol intake as much as possible.
Alcohol is known to have a negative effect on the liver. If a person with diabetes takes glucose-lowering drugs and insulin, it can cause hypoglycemia. Never drink alcohol on an empty stomach!